Vallerand, A. (1995). "Gender Differences in Pain." Image of Journal Nursing School 27(3): 235-237.

Van de Loosdrecht AA, Gietema JA, van der Graaf WT. Seizures in a patient with disseminated testicular cancer due to cisplatin-induced hypomagnesaemia. Acta Oncol 2000;39:239–40.

Van der Beek EJ, van Dokkum W, Wedel M, et al. Thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6: impact of restricted intake on physical performance in man. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:629–40.

Van der Beek EJ. Vitamin supplementation and physical exercise performance. J Sports Sci 1991;9:77–90 [review].

Van Hall G, Raaymakers JSH, Saris WHM, Wagenmakers AJM. Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and tryptophan has no effect on performance during prolonged exercise. Clin Sci 1994;87:52 [abstract #75].

Van Haselen, F., P (2000). "A randomized controlled trial comparing topical piroxicam gel with a homeopathic gel in oestoarthrits of the knee." Rheumatology 39: 714-719.

Van Soeren MH, Graham TE. Effect of caffeine on metabolism, exercise endurance, and catecholamine responses after withdrawal. J Appl Physiol 1998;85:1493–501.

Van Someren K, Fulcher K, McCarthy J, et al. An investigation into the effects of sodium citrate ingestion on high-intensity exercise performance. Int J Sport Nutr 1998;8:356–63.

Van Vollenhoven, R., Engleman, E. McQuire, J. (1995). "Dehydroepiandrosterone In Systemic Lupus Erytheematosus." Arthritis and Rheumatism 38(12): 1826-1831.

Van Zaanen HCT, van der Lelie H, Timmer JG, et al. Parenteral glutamine dipeptide supplementation does not ameliorate chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Cancer 1994;74:2879–84.

Van Zyl CG, Lambert EV, Hawley JA, et al. Effects of medium-chain triglyceride ingestion on carbohydrate metabolism and cycling performance. J Appl Physiol 1996;80:2217–25.

Varnier M, Leese GP, Thompson J, et al. Stimulatory effect of glutamine on glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1995;269:E309–15.

Vaz AL. Double-blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulphate in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee in out_patients. Curr Med Res Opin 1982;8(3):145–9.

Vecchia C, Franceschi S, Parazzini F, et al. Benign breast disease and consumption of beverages containing methylxanthines. J Natl Cancer Inst 1985;74:995–1000.

Veith, J., Anderson, J., Slade, S., Thompson, P., Laugel, G., Getzlaf, S. (1984). "Plasma B-Endorphin, Pain Thresholds and And Anxiety Levels Across the Human Menstrual Cycle." Physiology & Behavior 32: 31-34.

Venkatraman, J. C., W. (1999). "Effects of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 lipids and vitamin E on serum cytokines, lipid mediators and anti-DNA antibodies in a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis." Journal of the American College for Nutrition 18(6): 602-613.

Verbrugge, L. M. (1985). "Gender and Health: An Update in Hypothese and Evidence." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 26: 156-182.

Verbruggen G, Goemaere S, Veys EM. Chondroitin sulfate: S/DMOAD (structure/disease modifying anti-osteoarthritis drug) in the treatment of finger joint OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998;6(Suppl A):37–8.

"Vertigoheel-Experience From Practice." Biomedical Therapy: International Journal of Intergrated Medicine 3(3): 57-60. (1985).

Vetter G. Double-blind comparative clinical trial with S-adenosylmethionine and indomethacin in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Am J Med 1987;83(suppl 5A):78–80.

Vickers, A. (1998). Evidence-based Medicine and Complementary Medicine, American College of Physicians Journal Club and Best Evidence. 2000.

Vincent, C. (1989). "A Controlled Trial of the Treatment of Migraine by Acupuncture." The Clinical Journal of Pain 5: 305-312.

Vincent CA. A controlled trial of the treatment of migraine by acupuncture. Clin J Pain 1989;5:305–12.

Voegele, G. (1966). "Hypnotherapy, a Treatment Tool in Medicine." Deleware Medical Journal: 137-142.

Volker, D., Fitzgerald, P., Major, G., Garg, M. (2000). "Efficacy of fish oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." journal of Rheumatol 27(10): 2343-2346.

Volkmann H, Norregaard J, Jacobsen S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of intravenous S-adenosyl-L-methionine in patients with fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 1997;26:206–11.

Vukovich MD, Adams GD. Effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) VO2 peak and maximal lactate in endurance trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29:S252 [abstract]

Vukovich MD, Sharp RL, Kesl LD, et al. Effects of a low-dose amino acid supplement on adaptations to cycling training in untrained individuals. Int J Sport Nutr 1997;7:298–309.

Wadleigh RG, Redman RS, Graham ML, et al. Vitamin E in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Am J Med 1992;92:481–4.

Wagdi P, Fluri M, Aeschbacher B, et al. Cardioprotection in patients undergoing chemo- and/or radiotherapy for neoplastic disease. Jpn Heart J 1996;37:353–9.

Walberg-Rankin J. Dietary carbohydrate as an ergogenic aid for prolonged and brief competitions in sport. Int J Sport Nutr 1995;5:S13–38 [review].

Walco, G., Varni, J., Llowite, N. (1992). "Cognitive-Behavioral Pain Management in Children With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis." Pediatrics 89(6): 1075-1079.

Walker EB, Barney DP, Mickelsen JN, et al. Cranberry concentrate: UTI prophylaxis. J Family Pract 1997;45:167–8 [letter].

Walker, J., Cormondy, J. (1998). "Experimental Pain in Healthy Human Subjects: Gender Differences in Nociception and in Response to Ibuprofen." Anesthesia Analog 86: 1257-1262.

Walker LS, Bemben MG, Bemben DA, et al. Chromium picolinate effects on body composition and muscular performance in wrestlers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:1730–7.

Walsh, K., Cruddas, M., Coggon, D. (1992). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 46: 227-230.

Walsh NE, Ramamurthy S, Schoenfeld LS, Hoffman J. Analgesic effectiveness of D-phenylalanine in chronic pain patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986;67:436–9.

Wanning, T. (1993). "Healing and the Mind/Body Arts." AAOHN J 41(7): 349-351.

Warmbrand M. How Thousands of My Arthritis Patients Regained Their Health. New York: Arco Publishing, 1974.

Warnecke G. Psychosomatic dysfunctions in the female climacteric. Clinical effectiveness and tolerance of kava extract WS 1490. Fortschr Med 1991;119–22 [in German].

Warren, M., Stiehl, A., (1999). "Exercise and Female Adolescents: Effects on the Reproductive and Skeletal Systems." The Journal of American Medical Womens Association 54(3): 115-120.

Watson CP, Evans RJ, Watt VR, Birkett N. A randomized vehicle-controlled trial of topical capsaicin in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Clin Ther 1993;15:510–23.

Watson CPN, Evans RJ, Watt VR. Postherpetic neuralgia and topical capsaicin. Pain 1988;33:333–40.

Watson CPN, Evans RJ, Watt VR. The postmastectomy pain syndrome and the effect of topical capsaicin. Pain 1989;38:177–86.

Watson CPN, Evans RJ. The postmastectomy pain syndrome and topical capsaicin: a randomized trial. Pain 1992;51:375–9.
Waylonis GW. Long-term follow-up on patients with fibrositis treated with acupuncture. Ohio State Med J 1977;73:299–302.

Weaver K. Magnesium and migraine. Headache 1990;30:168 [letter].

Wedenberg, K., Moen, B., Norling, A. (2000). "A prospective randomized study comparing acupuncture with physiotherapy for low-back and pelvic pain in pregnancy." Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 79: 331-335.

Weight LM, Myburgh KH, Noakes TD. Vitamin and mineral supplementation: effect on the running performance of trained athletes. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47:192–5.

Weil, A., MD Can Soy in the Diet Prevent Pain?, Ask Dr. Weil.com. 2000.

Weijl NI, Cleton FJ, Osanto S. Free radicals and antioxidants in chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Cancer Treatment Rev 1997;23:209–40 [review].

Weintraub, M. (1999). "Alternative Medicine." American Journal of Pain Management 9(1): 8-17.

Weir, R., Browne, g., Tunks, E., Gafni, A., Roberts, J. (1996). "Gender Differences in Psychosocial Adjustments to Chronic Pain and Expenditures for health Care Services used." Clinical Journal of Pain 12(4): 277-290.

Weisman, C. Advocation for Gender-Specific Health care A Historical Perspective, The Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine. 2001.

Weiss RF. Herbal Medicine. Gothenburg, Sweden: Ab Arcanum and Beaconsfield, UK: Beaconsfield Publishers Ltd, 1988, 334–5.

Welbourne TC. Increased plasma bicarbonate and growth hormone after an oral glutamine load. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1058–61.

Weller E, Bachert P, Meinck HM, et al. Lack of effect of oral Mg-supplementation on Mg in serum, blood cells, and calf muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:1584–91.

Wesson M, McNaughton L, Davies P, et al. Effects of oral administration of aspartic acid salts on the endurance capacity of trained subjects. Res Quart Exer Sport 1988;59:234–6.

West DB, Delany JP, Camet PM, et al. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in the mouse. Am J Physiol 1998;275:R667–72.

Whang R, Whang DD, Ryan MP. Refractory potassium repletion. A consequence of magnesium deficiency. Arch Intern Med 1992;152(1):40–5.

Wheeler KB, Garleb KA. Gamma oryzanol-plant sterol supplementation: metabolic, endocrine, and physiologic effects. Int J Sport Nutr 1991;1:170–7 [review].

Whitley HA, Humphreys SM, Campbell IT, et al. Metabolic and performance responses during endurance exercise after high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals. J Appl Physiol 1998;85:418–24.

Wichtl M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1994, 268–70.

Wijayanegara H, Mose JC, Achmad L, et al. A clinical trial of hydroxyethylrutosides in the treatment of haemorrhoids of pregnancy. J Int Med Res 1992;20:54–60.

Wilhelm K, Feldmeier C. Thermometric investigations about the efficacy of beta-escin to reduce postoperative edema. Med Klin 1977;72:128–34 [in German].

Wilke W. Fibromyalgia: Recognizing and addressing the multiple interrelated factors. Postgrad Med 1996;100(1):153–70.

Wilkinson CF Jr. Recurrent migrainoid headaches associated with spontaneous hypoglycemia. Am J Med Sci 1949;218:209–12.

Williams JH. Caffeine, neuromuscular function and high-intensity exercise performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1991 Sep;31(3):481–9 [review].

Williams MH, Kreider RB, Hunter DW, et al. Effect of inosine supplementation on 3-mile treadmill run performances and VO2 peak. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22:517–22.

Williams MH. Ergogenic and ergolytic substances. Med Sci Sports Exer 1992;24:S344–8 [review].

Wilmore JH, Costill DL. Physiology of sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1994, 110–4.

Winters LR, Yoon JS, Kalkwarf HJ, et al. Riboflavin requirements and exercise adaptation in older women. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:526–32.

Witenberg B, Kalir HH, Raviv Z, et al. Inhibition by ascorbic acid of apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1999;57:823–32.

Winslow, L., Kroll, D. (1998). Herbs and Medicines, Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000.

Wiseman, E. (1999). Types of intra-muscular opioids for maternal relief in labour., Cachrane Review of Cochrane Library issue 3 1999. 2001.

Wodick, R., Steininger, K., Zenner, S. (1993). "Treatment of Degenerative Articular Affections with Zeel T Ointment: Results of a Prospective drug Surgery Conducted with 498 Patients." Biomedical Therapy: International Journal of Intergrated Medicine(3): 127-135.

Woods MN, Gorbach S, Longcope C, et al. Low-fat, high-fiber diet and serum estrone sulfate in premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:1179–83.

Wright, D., Barrow, S., Fisher, A., Horsley, S., Jayson, M. (1995). "Influence of Physical, Psychological and Behavioral Factors on Consultations for Back Pain." British Journal of Rheumatology 34: 156-161.

Wright JV. Hormones for menopause.Nutr Healing 1996;June:1–2,9.

Wyon Y, Lindgren R, Hammar M, Lundeberg T. Acupuncture against climacteric disorders? Lower number of symptoms after menopause. Lakartidningen 1994;91:2318–22 [in Swedish].

Xiaoma W. Observations of the therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion in 100 cases of dysmenorrhea. J Tradit Chin Med 1987;7:15–7.


Yasgur, B. S. (2000). "Gaps in Knowledge, Regulation Mar Herbal Therapy." Internal Medicine News: 31.

Yates, P., Dewar, A., Edwards, H., Fentiman, B., Najman, J., Nas, R., Richardson, V., Fraser, J. (1998). "The Prevalence and Preception of Pain Amongst hospital In-patients." Journal of Clinical Nursing 7: 521-530.

Yocum, D., Castro, W., Cornett, M. (2000). "Exercise, education, and behavioral modification as alternative therapy for pain and stress in rheumatic disease." Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 26(1): 145-159.

Yonkers, K. (1999). "Medical Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder." The Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine 2(3): 55-60.

Yoshioka M, St-Pierre S, Drapeau V, et al. Effects of red pepper on appetite and energy intake. Br J Nutr 1999;82:115–23.

Yoshioka M, St-Pierre S, Suzuki M, Tremblay A. Effects of red pepper added to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals on energy metabolism and substrate utilization in Japanese women. Br J Nutr 1998;80:503–10.

Young, M. A. (2002). "Women and Pain: Why It Hurts? What You Can Do about it?" Journal of American Book Association 3(4): 12-15.

Yuqin Z. A report of 49 cases of dysmenorrhea treated by acupuncture. J Tradit Chin Med 1984;4:101–2.


Zatzick, D., Dimsdale, Joel (1990). "Cultural Variations in Response to Painful stimuli." Psychosomatic Medicine 52: 544-557.

Zeisler, H., Tempfer, C., Mayerhofer, K., Barrada, M., Husslein, P. (1998). "Influence of Acupuncture on Duration of Labor." Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 46: 22-25.

Zenner, S., Meichael, Weiser "Oral treatment of Traumatic, inflammatory, and Degenerative Conditions with Homeopathic Remedy." Biomedical Therapy: International Journal of Intergrated Medicine 15(1): 22-26.

Zenner, S., Metelmann, H. "Application possiblities of Traumeel S Injection Solution." Biomedical Therapy: International Journal of Intergrated Medicine 10: 301-310.

Zhu YP. Chinese Materia Medica: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications. Australia: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1998:445–8

Ziff, M. (1983). "Diet in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis." Arthritis and Rheumatism 26(4): 457-461.

Zuliani U, Bonetti A, Campana M, et al. The influence of ubiquinone (Co Q10) on the metabolic response to work. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1989;29:57–62 [review].